Oncological surgery is focused on cancer surgery. Surgery is one of the major modes of treatment in cancer, striving to make an early diagnosis of cancer. Surgical oncology takes major parts in cancer diagnosis and treatment to remove the area of cancer in the patient’s body. Oncologic surgery must definitely be performed by specialized surgeons.

The surgeon should provide the most effective and current treatment for the patient. Treatment should be continued in a multi-disciplinary approach before or after surgery. The aim of surgical treatment is the complete excision of the tumor, aiming to remove cancerous tissue both macroscopically and microscopically in patients at early stages of the disease.

Oncologic surgery can be performed to provide relief to patients, who cannot be treated completely with surgery. Surgery can be performed to treat disease symptoms or to provide comfort to patients.

The importance of oncological surgery (cancer surgery) has significantly increased in recent years. Especially, multidisciplinary collaboration has gained importance. Recent advances have been introduced into chemotherapy and radiotherapy approaches and adjuvant (chemotherapy, hormone therapy, smart drugs, and radiotherapy) and neoadjuvant (chemotherapy to reduce the mass and facilitate surgery) therapies have become widespread. Also, advances in diagnostic and modern investigation techniques have been developed and laparoscopic surgery started to replace previous open surgery methods.